Analisis Harmonic Amplification dan Identifikasi Hot-Spot Bus pada Sistem Distribusi IEEE 33-Bus dengan Penetrasi Photovoltaic Tinggi

Sofyan Sofyan; Jasrul  Jamani Jamian; Norazliani Md Sapari; Azkiyah Azzahra

Authors

Sofyan Sofyan Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-7229
Jasrul Jamani Jamian Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaThe institution will open in a new tab, Johor Bahru, Malaysia Scopus ID: 50461592600
Norazliani Md Sapari Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Azkiyah Azzahra Universitas Hasanuddin

Keywords:

harmonic amplification, voltage stability index, hot-spot bus, photovoltaic penetration, IEEE 33-bus system, harmonic-enhanced VSI

Abstract

Integrasi photovoltaic (PV) skala besar dalam sistem distribusi daya menimbulkan tantangan signifikan terkait distorsi harmonik dan stabilitas tegangan. Penelitian ini mengembangkan metode komprehensif untuk menganalisis harmonic amplification dan mengidentifikasi hot-spot bus pada sistem distribusi IEEE 33-bus dengan penetrasi PV tinggi. Harmonic amplification, didefinisikan sebagai rasio THD maksimum terhadap THD rata-rata, digunakan sebagai indikator spatial concentration harmonik dalam sistem. Analisis dilakukan pada 30 skenario yang mencakup 6 tingkat pembebanan (100%-600%) dan 5 tingkat penetrasi PV (10%-100%). Hasil menunjukkan harmonic amplification tertinggi (296.41%) terjadi pada penetrasi PV rendah (10%) dengan pembebanan tinggi (600%), mengindikasikan konsentrasi harmonik ekstrem di bus ujung (bus 33). Sebaliknya, penetrasi PV tinggi (100%) menghasilkan harmonic amplification terendah (195.44%), menunjukkan distribusi harmonik yang lebih merata. Identifikasi hot-spot bus mengungkapkan pola migrasi yang jelas: pada PV rendah (10-30%), hot-spot terkonsentrasi di bus 32-33 (far-end); pada PV medium (50%), hot-spot bermigrasi ke bus 18-25 (mid-network); dan pada PV tinggi (70-100%), hot-spot berpindah ke bus 6-18 (dekat injeksi PV). Penelitian ini memperkenalkan harmonic-enhanced voltage stability indices (BVSI_h dan NCPI_h) yang menunjukkan sensitivitas 216% lebih tinggi dibandingkan indeks konvensional. Temuan ini memberikan panduan praktis untuk perencanaan sistem distribusi dengan penetrasi renewable energy tinggi.

Author Biography

Sofyan Sofyan, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang

Sofyan menerima gelar S.T. (Teknik Elektro) pada tahun 2002, dan gelar M.Eng. (Power System Engineering) pada tahun 2015, dari Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia,. Saat ini beliau sedang mengejar gelar Ph.D. di Faculty of Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Beliau adalah Senior Lecturer dan Researcher di Department of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, Makassar, Indonesia. Fokus penelitiannya meliputi power quality assessment, harmonic analysis in distribution systems, voltage stability under high renewable penetration, dan smart grid technologies. Beliau memiliki lebih dari 1,493 citations pada Google Scholar (Scopus ID: 57226804647, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9076-7229).

References

L. Alhafadhi and J. Teh, "Advances in reduction of total harmonic distortion in solar photovoltaic systems: A literature review," International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 2455-2470, 2020/03/25 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5075.

A. Karadeniz, O. Ozturk, A. Koksoy, M. Bekir Atsever, M. E. Balci, and M. Hakan Hocaoglu, "Accuracy assessment of frequency-domain models for harmonic analysis of residential type photovoltaic-distributed generation units," Solar Energy, vol. 233, pp. 182-195, 2022/02/01/ 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.12.057.

Sofyan et al., "The impact of slack bus fitness on the performance of South Sulawesi electrical systems at peak load conditions," AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 3116, no. 1, p. 090012, 2024, doi: 10.1063/5.0210302.

H. Eroğlu, E. Cuce, P. Mert Cuce, F. Gul, and A. Iskenderoğlu, "Harmonic problems in renewable and sustainable energy systems: A comprehensive review," Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 48, p. 101566, 2021/12/01/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101566.

M. Amini and A. Jalilian, "Optimal sizing and location of open-UPQC in distribution networks considering load growth," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 130, p. 106893, 2021/09/01/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.106893.

M. Ćalasan, S. H. E. Abdel Aleem, and A. F. Zobaa, "On the root mean square error (RMSE) calculation for parameter estimation of photovoltaic models: A novel exact analytical solution based on Lambert W function," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 210, p. 112716, 2020/04/15/ 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112716.

A. Vinayagam, A. Aziz, B. Pm, J. Chandran, V. Veerasamy, and A. Gargoom, "Harmonics assessment and mitigation in a photovoltaic integrated network," Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, vol. 20, p. 100264, 2019/12/01/ 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2019.100264.

I. C. Barutcu, E. Karatepe, and M. Boztepe, "Impact of harmonic limits on PV penetration levels in unbalanced distribution networks considering load and irradiance uncertainty," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 118, p. 105780, 2020/06/01/ 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105780.

Y. Wang et al., "Static-Voltage-Stability Analysis of Renewable Energy-Integrated Distribution Power System Based on Impedance Model Index," Energies, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 1028doi: 10.3390/en17051028.

E. Guillén-García, L. Morales-Velazquez, A. L. Zorita-Lamadrid, O. Duque-Perez, R. A. Osornio-Rios, and R. J. Romero-Troncoso, "Short-time transient tracking algorithm for a non-residential facility based on characteristic indices," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 171, pp. 185-193, 2019/06/01/ 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2019.02.022.

H. Gao, J. Chen, R. Diao, and J. Zhang, "A HEM-Based Sensitivity Analysis Method for Fast Voltage Stability Assessment in Distribution Power Network," IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 13344-13353, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3051843.

S. A. Adegoke, Y. Sun, A. S. Adegoke, and D. Ojeniyi, "Optimal placement of distributed generation to minimize power loss and improve voltage stability," Heliyon, vol. 10, no. 21, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39298.

P. Wang et al., "Equivalent model of multi-type distributed generators under faults with fast-iterative calculation method based on improved PSO algorithm," Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1-12, 2021, doi: 10.1186/s41601-021-00207-w.

H. S. Salama and I. Vokony, "Voltage stability indices–A comparison and a review," Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol. 98, p. 107743, 2022/03/01/ 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.107743.

Q. Wang, S. Lin, H. B. Gooi, Y. Yang, W. Liu, and M. Liu, "Calculation of static voltage stability margin under N-1 contingency based on holomorphic embedding and Pade approximation methods," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 142, p. 108358, 2022/11/01/ 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108358.

M. K. Kiptoo, M. E. Lotfy, O. B. Adewuyi, A. Conteh, A. M. Howlader, and T. Senjyu, "Integrated approach for optimal techno-economic planning for high renewable energy-based isolated microgrid considering cost of energy storage and demand response strategies," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 215, p. 112917, 2020/07/01/ 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112917.

R. M. Elavarasan et al., "A Comprehensive Review on Renewable Energy Development, Challenges, and Policies of Leading Indian States With an International Perspective," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 74432-74457, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988011.

S. Xu, Y. Xue, and L. Chang, "Review of Power System Support Functions for Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources- Standards, Control Algorithms, and Trends," IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 2, pp. 88-105, 2021, doi: 10.1109/OJPEL.2021.3056627.

Y. Jin, M. Amoasi Acquah, M. Seo, S. Ghorbanpour, S. Han, and T. Jyung, "Optimal EV scheduling and voltage security via an online bi-layer steady-state assessment method considering uncertainties," Applied Energy, vol. 347, p. 121356, 2023/10/01/ 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121356.

W. Haider, S. J. Hassan, A. Mehdi, A. Hussain, G. O. Adjayeng, and C.-H. Kim, "Voltage Profile Enhancement and Loss Minimization Using Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Reconfigured Network," Machines, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 20doi: 10.3390/machines9010020.

B. Ismail, N. I. A. Wahab, M. L. Othman, M. A. M. Radzi, K. N. Vijyakumar, and M. N. M. Naain, "A Comprehensive Review on Optimal Location and Sizing of Reactive Power Compensation Using Hybrid-Based Approaches for Power Loss Reduction, Voltage Stability Improvement, Voltage Profile Enhancement and Loadability Enhancement," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 222733-222765, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3043297.

N. F. Guerrero-Rodríguez, R. O. Batista-Jorge, F. A. Ramírez-Rivera, J. Ferreira, R. Mercado-Ravelo, and A. Manilla, "Harmonic Distortion Study of a Photovoltaic Generator in a Microgrid under Disturbances," Energies, vol. 17, no. 9, p. 2031doi: 10.3390/en17092031.

O. K. Akintayo, O. M. Longe, and O. E. Oni, "Renewable energy integration impact on power quality of supply of transmission system," Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development; Vol 8, No 13 (Published)DO - 10.24294/jipd7836, 11/08/ 2024. [Online]. Available: https://systems.enpress-publisher.com/index.php/jipd/article/view/7836.

Z. Reguieg, I. Bouyakoub, and F. Mehedi, "Harmonic mitigation in grid-integrated renewable energy systems with nonlinear loads," Energy, vol. 324, p. 135882, 2025/06/01/ 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.135882.

G. Chen, C. Shen, X. Liu, and K. A. Soteris, "Performance analysis of a photovoltaic/thermal system based on lunar regolith energy storage for the lunar base," Energy, vol. 324, p. 136005, 2025/06/01/ 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.136005.